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A Little About Jamaican History

For centuries Jamaica’s riches and resources have been, and still are being, plundered and squandered by many … for greed and personal gain.

The Tainos, who came from South America over 1000 years BC, are considered to be our original inhabitants.
They spoke the Arawak language and called the island Xaymaca … land of wood and water.

Then In 1494, plundering Spanish invaders, led by an Italian, Cristoforo Colombo, “discovered” her, as European history likes to record it. This was the beginning of the end for our Taino population in Jamaica.

Some survived in the hills of central Jamaica, and joined with the Maroons, runaway slaves who thrashed the British Army, and got their independence and sovereign rights to the lands they now still hold.

These Spanish invadors, landed in what we now call Discovery Bay, and called the island Santiago.

In 1665, the British captured her from the Spanish, and she has since been known as Jamaica, often mis-spelt … Jaimaca, Jamaca, Jamaic, Jamajca, Jameica, Jamicia, Jamica, Jamacia, Jamiaca, Jaimaica … but “No Problem Mon” still Jamaica.

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Statistics

Please note that the data for all countries is in the process of being updated. For the most recent data (including 2013 data), download the State of The World’s Children 2015 Country Statistical tables [Excel] and choose a country. You can also download all data tables by thematic area [PDF].

Basic Indicators | Nutrition | Health | HIV/AIDS | Education | Demographic Indicators | Economic Indicators | Women | Child Protection | The Rate Of Progress | Adolescents | Disparities By Residence | Disparities By Household Wealth | Early Childhood Development

Basic Indicators

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Under-5 mortality rank

109

Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), 1990

30

Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), 2012

17

U5MR by sex 2012, male

19

U5MR by sex 2012, female

15

Infant mortality rate (under 1), 1990

25

Infant mortality rate (under 1), 2012

14

Neonatal mortality rate 2012

11

Total population (thousands) 2012

2768.9

Annual no. of births (thousands) 2012

50.3

Annual no. of under-5 deaths (thousands) 2012

1

GNI per capita (US$) 2012

5140

Life expectancy at birth (years) 2012

73.3

Total adult literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*

87

Primary school net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2011*

82.4

Definitions and data sources

Nutrition

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Low birthweight (%) 2008-2012*

12

Early initiation of breastfeeding (%), 2008-2012*

62.3

Exclusive breastfeeding <6 months (%), 2008-2012*

15

Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods 6-8 months (%), 2008-2012*

35.6

Breastfeeding at age 2 (%), 2008-2012*

24

Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe

3.2

Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, severe

Stunting (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe

4.8

Wasting (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe

3.5

Overweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe

4

Vitamin A supplementation full coverage (%) 2012

Iodized salt consumption (%) 2008-2012*

Definitions and data sources

Health

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Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, total

93.1

Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, urban

97.1

Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, rural

88.8

Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2011, total

80.2

Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2011, urban

78.4

Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2011, rural

82.2

Routine EPI vaccines financed by government (%) 2012

100

Immunization coverage (%) 2012, BCG

96

Immunization coverage (%) 2012, DPT1

99

Immunization coverage (%) 2012, DPT3

99

Immunization coverage (%) 2012, polio3

99

Immunization coverage (%) 2012, MCV

93

Immunization coverage (%) 2012, HepB3

99

Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Hib3

99

Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Newborns protected against tetanus

80

Pneumonia (%) 2008-2012*, Care seeking for suspected pneumonia

75.1

Pneumonia (%) 2008-2012*, Antibiotic treatment for suspected pneumonia

51.6

Diarrhoea (%) 2008-2012*, Treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS)

40.3

Malaria (%) 2008-2012*, Antimalarial treatment among febrile children

Malaria (%) 2008-2012*, Children sleeping under ITNs

Malaria (%) 2008-2012*, Households with at least one ITN

Definitions and data sources

HIV/AIDS

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Adult HIV prevalence (%) 2012

1.7

People of all ages living with HIV (thousands) 2012, estimate

28

People of all ages living with HIV (thousands) 2012, low

23

People of all ages living with HIV (thousands) 2012, high

34

Women living with HIV (thousands) 2012

9.3

Children living with HIV (thousands) 2012

Prevention among young people (aged 15-24), HIV prevalence among young people (%) 2012, total

0.7

Prevention among young people (aged 15-24), HIV prevalence among young people (%) 2012, male

0.9

Prevention among young people (aged 15-24), HIV prevalence among young people (%) 2012, female

0.5

Prevention among young people (aged 15-24), Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) 2008-2012*, male

35.6

Prevention among young people (aged 15-24), Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) 2008-2012*, female

51.3

Prevention among young people (aged 15-24), Condom use among young people with multiple partners (%) 2008-2012*, male

75.5

Prevention among young people (aged 15-24), Condom use among young people with multiple partners (%) 2008-2012*, female

49.4

Orphans, Children orphaned by AIDS (thousands) 2012

Orphans, Children orphaned due to all causes (thousands) 2012

Orphans, Orphan school attendance ratio (%), 2008-2012*

Definitions and data sources

Education

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Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, male

92.9

Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, female

98.5

Number per 100 population 2012, mobile phones

96.5

Number per 100 population 2012, Internet users

46.5

Pre-primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, male

113.2

Pre-primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, female

112.7

Primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male

90.8

Primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female

86.6

Primary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male

83.4

Primary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female

81.4

Primary school participation, Net attendance ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male

97.3

Primary school participation, Net attendance ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female

97.5

Primary school participation, Survival rate to last primary grade (%) , 2008-2012*, admin. data

95.2

Primary school participation, Survival rate to last primary grade (%) , 2008-2012*, survey data

99.2

Secondary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male

80.4

Secondary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female

86.8

Secondary school participation, Net attendance ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male

88.5

Secondary school participation, Net attendance ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female

92.9

Definitions and data sources

Demographic Indicators

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Population (thousands) 2012, total

2768.9

Population (thousands) 2012, under 18

946.7

Population (thousands) 2012, under 5

253.5

Population annual growth rate (%), 1990-2012

0.7

Population annual growth rate (%), 2012-2030

0.4

Crude death rate, 1970

7.7

Crude death rate, 1990

7.4

Crude death rate, 2012

7.2

Crude birth rate, 1970

35.9

Crude birth rate, 1990

25.8

Crude birth rate, 2012

18.1

Life expectancy, 1970

68.3

Life expectancy, 1990

70.7

Life expectancy, 2012

73.3

Total fertility rate, 2012

2.3

Urbanized population (%), 2012

52.1

Average annual growth rate of urban population (%), 1990-2012

1

Average annual growth rate of urban population (%), 2012-2030

0.8

Definitions and data sources

Economic Indicators

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GNI per capita 2012, US$

5140

GNI per capita 2012, PPP US$

GDP per capita average annual growth rate (%), 1970-1990

-1.3

GDP per capita average annual growth rate (%), 1990-2012

0.4

Average annual rate of inflation (%) 1990-2012

14.5

Population below international poverty line of US$1.25 per day (%) 2007-2011*

0.2

Public spending as a % of GDP (2007-2011*) allocated to: health

2.9

Public spending as a % of GDP (2008-2010*) allocated to: education

6.4

Public spending as a % of GDP (2008-2010*) allocated to: military

0.8

ODA inflow in millions US$ 2010

43.8

ODA inflow as a % of recipient GNI 2010

0.3

Debt service as a % of exports of goods and services 2010

24.8

Share of household income (%, 2007-2011*), poorest 40%

14

Share of household income (%, 2007-2011*), richest 20%

52

Definitions and data sources

Women

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Life expectancy: females as a % of males 2012

107.2

Adult literacy rate: females as a % of males 2008-2012*

111.8

Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males 2008-2012*, Primary GER

95.3

Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males 2008-2012*, Secondary GER

103.2

Survival rate to the last grade of primary: females as a % of males 2008-2012*

102

Contraceptive prevalence (%) 2008-2012*

72.3

Antenatal care (%) 2008-2012*, At least one visit

99

Antenatal care (%) 2008-2012*, At least four visits

87

Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Skilled attendant at birth

98.3

Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Institutional delivery

97.1

Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, C-section

14.8

Maternal mortality ratio , 2008-2012*, Reported

95

Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Adjusted

110

Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in:)

370

Definitions and data sources

Child Protection

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Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , total

6.1

Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , male

6.8

Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , female

5.4

Child marriage (%) 2002-2012*, married by 15

0.6

Child marriage (%) 2002-2012*, married by 18

8.6

Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*, total

97.8

Female genital mutilation/cutting (%) 2002-2012*, prevalence, women a

Female genital mutilation/cutting (%) 2002-2012*, prevalence, daughtersb

Female genital mutilation/cutting (%) 2002-2012*, attitudes, support for the practicec

Justification of wife-beating (%) 2002-2012*, male

21.5

Justification of wife-beating (%) 2002-2012*, female

2.9

Violent discipline (%) + 2005-2012*, total

88.9

Violent discipline (%) + 2005-2012*, male

90.4

Violent discipline (%) + 2005-2012*, female

87.3

Definitions and data sources

The Rate Of Progress

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Under-5 mortality rank

109

Under-5 mortality rate, , 1970

57

Under-5 mortality rate, , 1990

30

Under-5 mortality rate, , 2000

23

Under-5 mortality rate, , 2012

17

Annual rate of reduction (%) Under-5 mortality rate, 1970-1990

3.2

Annual rate of reduction (%) Under-5 mortality rate, 1990-2000

2.5

Annual rate of reduction (%) Under-5 mortality rate, 2000-2012

2.8

Annual rate of reduction (%) Under-5 mortality rate, 1990-2012

2.6

Reduction since 1990 (%)

44

Reduction since 2000 (%)

28

GDP per capita average annual growth rate (%), 1970-1990

-1.3

GDP per capita average annual growth rate (%), 1990-2012

0.4

Total fertility rate, 1970

5.5

Total fertility rate, 1990

2.9

Total fertility rate, 2012

2.3

Average annual rate of reduction (%) Total fertility rate, 1970-1990

3.1

Average annual rate of reduction (%) Total fertility rate, 1990-2012

1.2

Definitions and data sources

Adolescents

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Population aged 10-19, Thousands 2012

559.8

Population aged 10-19, Proportion of total population (%) 2012

20.2

Adolescents currently married/ in union (%) 2002-2012* , male

Adolescents currently married/ in union (%) 2002-2012* , female

4.5

Births by age 18 (%) 2008-2012*

15.5

Adolescent birth rate 2006-2010*

72

Justification of wife-beating among adolescents (%) 2002-2012*, male

28.4

Justification of wife-beating among adolescents (%) 2002-2012*, female

4.4

Use of mass media among adolescents (%) 2002-2012*, male

Use of mass media among adolescents (%) 2002-2012*, female

Lower secondary school gross enrolment ratio 2008-2012*

91.4

Upper secondary school gross enrolment ratio 2008-2012*

94.9

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV among adolescents (%) 2008-2012*, male

33.7

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV among adolescents (%) 2008-2012*, female

39.1

Definitions and data sources

Disparities By Residence

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Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*, urban

97

Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*, rural

99

Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*, ratio of urban to rural

1

Skilled attendant at birth (%) 2008-2012*, urban

98.7

Skilled attendant at birth (%) 2008-2012*, rural

97.9

Skilled attendant at birth (%) 2008-2012*, ratio of urban to rural

1

Underweight prevalence in children under 5 (%) 2008-2012*, urban

Underweight prevalence in children under 5 (%) 2008-2012*, rural

Underweight prevalence in children under 5 (%) 2008-2012*, ratio of rural to urban

Diarrhoea treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS) (%) 2008-2012*, urban

Diarrhoea treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS) (%) 2008-2012*, rural

Diarrhoea treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS) (%) 2008-2012*, ratio of urban to rural

Primary school net attendance ratio 2008-2012*, urban

97.2

Primary school net attendance ratio 2008-2012*, rural

97.6

Primary school net attendance ratio 2008-2012*, ratio of urban to rural

1

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) Females 15-24 2008-2012*, urban

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) Females 15-24 2008-2012*, rural

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) Females 15-24 2008-2012*, ratio of urban to rural

Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2010, urban

78.4

Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2010, rural

82.2

Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2010, ratio of urban to rural

1

Definitions and data sources

Disparities By Household Wealth

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Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*, poorest 20%

95.7

Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*, richest 20%

99.4

Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*, ratio of richest to poorest

1

Skilled attendant at birth (%) 2008-2012*, poorest 20%

97.3

Skilled attendant at birth (%) 2008-2012*, richest 20%

98

Skilled attendant at birth (%) 2008-2012*, ratio of richest to poorest

1

Underweight prevalence in children under five (%) 2008-2012*, poorest 20%

Underweight prevalence in children under five (%) 2008-2012*, richest 20%

Underweight prevalence in children under five (%) 2008-2012*, ratio of poorest to richest

Diarrhoea treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS) (%) 2008-2012*, poorest 20%

Diarrhoea treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS) (%) 2008-2012*, richest 20%

Diarrhoea treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS) (%) 2008-2012*, ratio of richest to poorest

Primary school net attendance ratio 2008-2012*, poorest 20%

Primary school net attendance ratio 2008-2012*, richest 20%

Primary school net attendance ratio 2008-2012*, ratio of richest to poorest

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) Females 15-24 2008-2012*, poorest 20%

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) Females 15-24 2008-2012*, richest 20%

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) Females 15-24 2008-2012*, ratio of richest to poorest

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) Males 15-24 2008-2012*, poorest 20%

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) Males 15-24 2008-2012*, richest 20%

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV (%) Males 15-24 2008-2012*, ratio of richest to poorest

Definitions and data sources

Early Childhood Development

to the top  
Attendance in early childhood education 2005-2012*, total

85.7

Attendance in early childhood education 2005-2012*, male

83.7

Attendance in early childhood education 2005-2012*, female

87.7

Attendance in early childhood education 2005-2012*, poorest 20%

Attendance in early childhood education 2005-2012*, richest 20%

Adult support for learning ++ 2005-2012*, total

93.9

Adult support for learning ++ 2005-2012*, male

94.9

Adult support for learning ++ 2005-2012*, female

92.8

Adult support for learning ++ 2005-2012*, poorest 20%

Adult support for learning ++ 2005-2012*, richest 20%

Father’s support for learning ++ 2005-2012*

41.1

Learning materials at home 2005-2012*, Children’s books , total

56.5

Learning materials at home 2005-2012*, Children’s books , poorest 20%

Learning materials at home 2005-2012*, Children’s books , richest 20%

Learning materials at home 2005-2012*, Playthings ++, total

70.8

Learning materials at home 2005-2012*, Playthings ++, poorest 20%

Learning materials at home 2005-2012*, Playthings ++, richest 20%

Children left in inadequate care 2005-2012*, total

3.5

Children left in inadequate care 2005-2012*, male

4

Children left in inadequate care 2005-2012*, female

2.9

Children left in inadequate care 2005-2012*, poorest 20%

Children left in inadequate care 2005-2012*, richest 20%

Definitions and data sources
Updated: 27 December 2013

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